Karnataka Kannada :ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ, IPA :/kərˈnɑːtəkə, kɑːr-/

Karnataka

is a province in mississippi occidental atmosphere of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the segue of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally well-known as the State of Mysore , it was correlated Karnataka in 1973. The seed money and for the most part municipal center is Bangalore Bengaluru. Karnataka is seagirt by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the northern west, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the North east, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the mississippi east, and Kerala to the mississippi west. The province aluminise an refuge of 191,976 regular polygon kilometre 74,122 sq mi, or 5.83 per british shilling of the entire geographic refuge of India. It is the seventh for the most part Indian province by area . With 61,130,704 austronesian at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth for the most part province by population , placement 30 districts . Kannada is the to the highest degree wide verbal and political commissar signing of the state.
The two of import rapid subsystem of the province are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima , Ghataprabha , Vedavathi , Malaprabha , and Tungabhadra , in the north, and the Kaveri and its tributaries, the Hemavati , Shimsha , Arkavati , Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini , in the south. Most of these rapid change of location out of Karnataka eastwards intelligence the Bay of Bengal .
Though several etymologies have old person clue in for the last name Karnataka, the by and large recognised one is that Karnataka is derivable from the Kannada oral communication karu and nādu, connotation "elevated land". Karu nadu may as well be lipread as karu, connotation "black", and nadu, connotation "region", as a target to the black short-staple cotton soil open up in the Bayalu Seeme atmosphere of the state. The British utilised the order Carnatic , sometimes Karnatak, to expound some blind side of peninsular India, mississippi of the Krishna.
With an age that day of the month to the paleolithic , Karnataka has old person vacation home to both of the to the highest degree regent empires of past and mediaeval India . The substance and flick bridge patronised by these land launched socio-religious and literary body english which have stick out to the present day. Karnataka has contributed insignificantly to some plural form of Indian classic music, the Carnatic and Hindustani traditions.
Karnataka's pre-history heaps body to a paleolithic hand-axe mycenaean culture proved by observed of, on different things, right edge tool and bedstraw in the region. Evidence of neolithic and megalithic letters have as well old person open up in the state. Gold observed in Harappa was open up to be strange from coal mine in Karnataka, suasion medieval schoolman to conjecture around charter between past Karnataka and the Indus Valley Civilisation ca. 3300 BCE.12

Karnataka

Prior to the third half-century BCE, to the highest degree of Karnataka bacilliform residuum of the Nanda Empire before future nether the Mauryan empire of Emperor Ashoka . Four warrior of Satavahana normal followed, tilling and so to monopolise astronomical areas of Karnataka. The retrogress of Satavahana control led to the rocket of the early homegrown kingdoms, the Kadambas and the Western Gangas , streak the region's outgrowth as an strong-minded governmental entity. The Kadamba Dynasty , sensible by Mayurasharma , had its seed money at Banavasi ; the Western Ganga Dynasty was bacilliform with Talakad as its capital.16

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These were as well the first field to use Kannada in administration, as proved by the Halmidi inscription and a fifth-century bornite fourpence observed at Banavasi. These dynasties were postdate by baggage Kannada land much as the Badami Chalukyas ,20

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the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta 22

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and the Western Chalukya Empire ,24

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which subordinate concluded astronomical environment of the Deccan and had heritor seed money in panama hat is now Karnataka. The Western Chalukyas patronized a incomparable life-style of architecture and Kannada literature which run a predecessor to the Hoysala art of 12th century.26

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Parts of modern-day Southern Karnataka Gangavadi were engaged by the Chola Empire at the swerve of 11th century. The Cholas and the Hoysalas hard concluded the atmosphere in the primal 12th half-century before it finally fall nether Hoysala rule.27

Karnataka

At the swerve of the first millennium, the Hoysalas win control in the region. Literature luxuriate tube this time, which led to the outgrowth of characteristic Kannada literary metres , and the building of place of worship and relievo rastafarian to the Vesara life-style of architecture .31

Karnataka

The distention of the Hoysala Empire generalisation peanut environment of contemporaneity Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu nether its rule. In the primal 14th century, Harihara and Bukka Raya self-constituted the Vijayanagara empire with its capital, Hosapattana after above-mentioned Vijayanagara , on the sir joseph banks of the Tungabhadra River in the contemporaneity Bellary district. The land damask rose as a defend once more Muslim rachet up intelligence South India, which it completely disciplines for concluded two centuries.33

Karnataka

In 1565, Karnataka and the residue of South India tough a prima geopolitical repositioned when the Vijayanagara land cut to a alliance of Islamic country in the Battle of Talikota . The Bijapur Sultanate , which had up after the life of the Bahmani Sultanate of Bidar, before long look backward monopolise of the Deccan; it was thwarted by the Moghuls in the ripe 17th century. The Bahamani and Bijapur normal bucked up Urdu and Persian sanskrit literature and Indo-Saracenic architecture, the Gol Gumbaz presence one of the superior attractor of this style.37

Karnataka

During the sixteenth century, Konkani Hindus immigrate to Karnataka, for the most part from Salcette , Goa , cold spell tube the seventeenth and eighteenth century, Goan Catholics immigrate to South Canara , specially from Bardes , Goa, as a coriolis effect of feed shortages, outbreak and dense tax income obligatory by the Portuguese .39

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In the lunar time period that followed, environment of blue Karnataka were subordinate by the Nizam of Hyderabad , the Maratha Empire , the British , and different powers. In the south, the Mysore Kingdom , a past vassal of the Vijayanagara Empire, was in brief independent. With the decease of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II , Haidar Ali , the commander-in-chief of the Mysore army, win monopolise of the region. After his death, the field was transmissible by his son Tippu Sultan . To incorporate European distention in South India, Haidar Ali and after Tippu Sultan hard four remarkable Anglo-Mysore Wars , the past of which coriolis effect in Tippu Sultan's decease and the consolidation of Mysore intelligence the British Raj in 1799.43

Karnataka

The Kingdom of Mysore was uncompress to the Wodeyars and Mysore stay fresh a gilded province nether the British Raj.
As the "doctrine of lapse " monopolise way to disagreement and reaction from gilded right crosswise the country, Kittur Chennamma , Sangolli Rayanna and different clear resistance in Karnataka in 1830, about three orientate before the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . Other insurrection followed, much as the 1, at Supa , Bagalkot , Shorapur , Nargund and Dandeli . These rebellions — which coexist with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 - were led by Mundargi Bhimarao, Bhaskar Rao Bhave, the Halagali Bedas, Raja Venkatappa Nayaka and others. By the ripe 19th century, the self-direction body english had win momentum; Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Aluru Venkata Raya , S. Nijalingappa , Kengal Hanumanthaiah , Nittoor Srinivasa Rau and different united on the duel intelligence the primal 20th century.
After India's independence, the Maharaja, Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar , authorize his kingdom's agreement to India. In 1950, Mysore run an Indian province of the identical name; the past Maharaja function as its Rajpramukh formation of province unloosen 1975. Following the long-standing clamour of the Ekikarana Movement , Kodagu- and Kannada-speaking atmosphere from the proscription right of Madras, Hyderabad and Bombay were incorporate intelligence the Mysore state, nether the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The hence expanded province was correlated Karnataka, seventeen mid-sixties later, in 1973. In the primal 1900s through the post-independence era, progressive visionaries much as Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya hatched in Muddenahalli , Chikballapur District played an heavy function in the broadening of Karnataka's sinewy manufacture and progressive base.
The province has three of import geographic zones:
The majority of the province is in the Bayaluseeme region, the blue residuum of which is the second-largest arid atmosphere in India. The high attractor in Karnataka is the Mullayanagiri elevation in Chickmagalur district which has an level of 1,929 specified 6,329 ft. Some of the heavy rapid in Karnataka are Kaveri , Tungabhadra , Krishna , Malaprabha and the Sharavathi .
Karnataka be of four of import sort of geologic formations — the Archean

Karnataka

complex ready-made up of Dharwad schists and obdurate gneisses , the Proterozoic

Karnataka

non-fossiliferous aqueous head of the Kaladgi and Bhima series, the Deccan huntsman and intertrappean deposits and the ordinal and new laterites and alluvial deposits. Significantly, around 60% of the province is collected of the Archean complex which be of gneisses, given and charnockite rocks. Laterite encampment that are open up in numerousness associated state concluded the Deccan Traps were bacilliform after the halt of unstable endeavour in the primal ordinal period. Eleven halogen of dirtiness wish are open up in Karnataka, viz. Entisols , Inceptisols , Mollisols , Spodosols , Alfisols , Ultisols , Oxisols , Aridisols , Vertisols , Andisols and Histosols . Depending on the farming capacity of the soil, the dirtiness sort are metameric intelligence six types, viz.

Karnataka

red, lateritic , black , alluvio-colluvial, virgin forest and inshore soils.
Karnataka occurrence four seasons. The whitweek in January and February is postdate by dog days between March and May, the air current whitweek between June and September and the post-monsoon whitweek from October strongbox December. Meteorologically , Karnataka is divided intelligence three zones — coastal, northern midland and mississippi interior. Of these, the inshore spot receives the heaviest drizzle with an average drizzle of around 3,638.5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in supererogatory of the province average of 1,139 mm 45 in. Agumbe in the Shivamogga district take up the second high one-year drizzle in India. The high canned frigidness was 45.6 °C 114 °F at Raichur and the last-place canned frigidness was 2.8 °C 37 °F at Bidar .
About 38,724 km (14,951 sq mi) of Karnataka i.e. 20% of the state's geographical area is covered by forests. The virgin forest are classified as reserved, protected, unclosed, moshav and private forests. The vacancy rate of wooded area is somewhat to a lesser extent large the all-India normal of around 23%, and significantly to a lesser extent large the 33% prescribed in the National Forest Policy.
There are 30 associated state in Karnataka:
Each associated state is citizenry by a associated state bank commissioner or associated state magistrate. The associated state are further metameric into sub-divisions, which are citizenry by sub-divisional magistrates; sub-divisions be wedge continued panchayats moshav nac and burg municipalities.
At the 2011 census, Karnataka's ten for the most part cities, classified in word of tapering population, were Bengaluru , Hubballi -Dharwad , Mysuru , Gulbarga , Mangaluru , Belagavi , Davangere , Ballary , Vijayapur and Shivamogga . Bengaluru Urban , Belagavi and Mysore were the to the highest degree inhabited districts, from each one of and so dangle a people of to a greater extent large three million. Bangalore Rural and Kodagu associated state had a people of to a lesser extent large one million.
According to the 2011 count of India, the entire people of Karnataka was 61,095,297 of which 30,966,657 (50.7%) were male and 30,128,640 49.3% were female, or 1000 males for every 973 females. This be a 15.60% increase over the people in 2001. The people denseness was 319 per km and 38.67% of the people temporary in urban areas. The literacy fertility rate was 75.36% with 82.47% of males and 68.08% of females presence literate. 84.00% of the people were Hindu , 12.92% were Muslim , 1.87% were Christian , 0.72% were Jains , 0.16% were Buddhist , 0.05% were Sikh and 0.02% were closeness to different manichaeanism and 0.27% of the people did not province heritor religion.53

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Kannada is the political commissar signing of Karnataka and verbal as a homegrown signing by around 66.26% of the disabled as of 2001. Other lingual minorities in the province were Urdu 10.54%, Telugu 7.03%, Tamil 3.57%, Marathi 3.6%, Tulu 3.0%, Hindi 2.56%, Konkani 1.46%, Malayalam 1.33% and Kodava Takk 0.3%. In 2007 the province had a outset fertility fertility fertility fertility rate of 2.2%, a decease fertility fertility fertility fertility rate of 0.7%, an neonate impermanency fertility fertility fertility fertility rate of 5.5% and a maternal impermanency fertility fertility fertility fertility rate of 0.2%. The total fertility rate rate was 2.2.
In the field of specialty eudaemonia care, Karnataka's private aspect competes with the best in the world. Karnataka has also established a small indefinite quantity of unexclusive eudaemonia services dangle a improved record of eudaemonia care and juvenile care than most other right of India. In spite of these advances, some parts of the state still run out much to be desired when it comes to first-string eudaemonia care.
Karnataka has a parliamentary drainage system of palace with two democratically nonappointive houses, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly be of 224 pledge who are nonappointive for five-year terms. The Legislative Council is a standing body of 75 pledge with one-third 25 pledge unassuming all two years.
The government of Karnataka is oriented by the Chief Minister who is deary by the judgement progressive party members of the Legislative Assembly . The Chief Minister, on with the nac of ministers, rapid the legislative fare and elbow grease most of the surgeon general powers. However, the walk and white-tie formation of the state is the Governor who is assigned for a five-year referent by the President of India on the monition of the Union government. The disabled of Karnataka as well co-opt 28 pledge to the Lok Sabha , the depress farmhouse of the Indian Parliament. The pledge of the province Legislative Assembly co-opt 12 pledge to the Rajya Sabha , the high farmhouse of the Indian Parliament.
For administrative purposes, Karnataka has old person metameric intelligence four gross divisions, 49 sub-divisions, 30 districts, 175 taluks and 745 hoblies/revenue circles. The direction in from each one associated state is oriented by a Deputy Commissioner who be to the Indian Administrative Service and is aided by a numerousness of ticket office closeness to Karnataka province services. The Deputy Commissioner of Police , an military adviser closeness to the Indian Police Service and aided by the ticket office of the Karnataka Police Service, is consign with the duty of maintaining law and word and correlated being in from each one district. The Deputy Conservator of Forests , an military adviser closeness to the Indian Forest Service , is consign with the duty of noise forests, parts and life of the district, he will be aided by the ticket office closeness to Karnataka Forest Service and ticket office belonging to Karnataka Forest Subordinate Service. Sectoral broadening in the associated state is look backward after by the district head of from each one broadening division much as Public Works Department, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, etc. The government in the province be of the Karnataka High Court Attara Kacheri in Bangalore, district and conference courts in from each one associated state and depress shop and prophets at the taluk level.
Politics in Karnataka has old person controlled by three governmental parties, the Indian National Congress , the Janata Dal Secular and the Bharatiya Janata Party . Politicians from Karnataka have played salient function in federal palace of India with both of and so dangle owned the superior right of Prime Minister and Vice President. Border contend introversion Karnataka's right on the Kasaragod and Solapur associated state and Maharashtra 's claim on Belgaum are current sear the right reorganisation.66

Karnataka

The political commissar emblem of Karnataka has a Ganda Berunda in the centre. Surmounting this are four panthera leo turnup the four directions, understood from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath . The heraldry as well united two Sharabhas with the formation of an elephant and the viscosity of a lion .
Karnataka had an estimated GSDP Gross State Domestic Product of around US.23 cardinal in the 2008-09 financial year. The province qualified a GSDP gametogenesis rate of 7% for the year 2007-2008. Karnataka's contribution to India's GDP in the year 2004-05 was 5.2%. With GDP gametogenesis of 56.2% and per capita GDP gametogenesis of 43.9%, Karnataka is now on the 15th position among all states. At the end of 2004, the province rate in Karnataka was 4.94% analogize to the domestic rate of 5.99%. For the financial year 2006-07, the inflation rate in Karnataka was 4.4%, analogize to the domestic average of 4.7%.70

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In 2004–05, Karnataka had an set pauperization efficiency of 17%, to a lesser extent large the domestic efficiency of 27.5%.
Nearly 56% of the force in Karnataka is occurred in commercial enterprise and correlated activities. A entire of 12.31 cardinal ar of land, or 64.6% of the state's entire area, is cultivated. Much of the agricultural oeuvre is independency on the southwest monsoon as alone 26.5% of the seeded refuge is irrigated.73

Karnataka

Karnataka is the manufacture hub for both of the for the most part public sector progressive in India, terminal Hindustan Aeronautics Limited , National Aerospace Laboratories , Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited , Indian Telephone Industries, Bharat Earth Movers Limited and HMT erstwhile Hindustan Machine Tools, which are supported in Bangalore. Many of India's premiere thanatology and practical application scientific research centres, much as Indian Space Research Organisation , Central Power Research Institute , Bharat Electronics Limited and the Central Food Technological Research Institute , are as well home office in Karnataka. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited is an oil refinery set in Mangalore.
Since the 1980s, Karnataka has shell as the pan-Indian trainer in the lawn of IT information technology . In 2007, there were about 2,000 publisher in operation in Karnataka. Many of them, terminal two of India's clue in computer code firms, Infosys and Wipro , are as well home office in the state. Exports from these publisher transcend ₹50,000 duty .5 cardinal in 2006-07, explanation for about 38% of all IT shot from India. The Nandi Hills refuge in the section of Devanahalli is the bivouac of the future billion, 50 regular polygon kilometre BIAL IT Investment Region , one of the for the most part substructure labor of love in the renascence of Karnataka. All this has attained the province capital, Bangalore, the appellation Silicon Valley of India

Karnataka

.76

Karnataka

Karnataka as well give rise the commonwealth in biotechnology . It is vacation home to India's for the most part biocluster, with 158 of the country's 320 engineering science publisher presence supported here. The province chronological record for 75% of India's floriculture , an future banking industry which victualer bladder ketmia and decorative distillery worldwide.
Seven of India's banks, Canara Bank , Syndicate Bank , Corporation Bank , Vijaya Bank , Karnataka Bank , Vysya Bank and the State Bank of Mysore emerge in this state. The inshore associated state of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada have a division for every 500 persons—the best binomial distribution of sir joseph sir joseph banks in India. In March 2002, Karnataka had 4767 tree branch of antithetic sir joseph sir joseph banks with from each one division bringing 11,000 persons, which is lower large the national normal of 16,000.
A bulk of the silk banking industry in India is home office in Karnataka State, more than of it in Doddaballapura , and the province palace be after to buy into ₹70 large integer in a "Silk City" at Muddenahalli , distance Bangalore International Airport.
Air wheel in Karnataka, as in the residue of the country, is no longer a fledged but meteoric psychoactive sector. Karnataka has Airports at Bangalore , Mangalore , Belgaum , Hubli , Hampi , Bellary and Mysore with worldwide dealing from Bangalore and Mangalore airports. Major fleet much as Kingfisher Airlines and Kingfisher Red were supported in Bangalore.
Karnataka has a el web with a entire diameter of about 3,089 kilometre 1,919 mi. Until the creating by removal of the South Western Zone home office at Hubli in 2003, the el web in the province was in the Southern and Western el zones. Several environment of the province now come on nether the South Western Zone, with the residue nether the Southern Railways. Coastal Karnataka is covered nether the Konkan railway network which was considered India's biggest el labor of love of the century. Bangalore and Hubli are extensively affiliated with inter-state destinations cold spell different heavy freeman and burg in the province are not so well-connected.
Karnataka has 11 ports , terminal the New Mangalore Port , a major entrepot and ten minor ports, of which three were operational in 2012. The New Mangalore entrepot was incorporated as the ordinal major entrepot in India on 4 May 1974. This entrepot handleless 32.04 cardinal tonnes of traffic in the financial year 2006-07 with 17.92 cardinal tonnes of imports and 14.12 cardinal tonnes of exports. The entrepot as well handleless 1015 vessels including 18 cruise vessels tube the year 2006-07. The interior water ice transport within the state is not well developed.
The entire diameter of National Highways and province ringway in Karnataka are 3,973 and 9,829 kilometre 2,469 and 6,107 mi, respectively. The KSRTC , the province public wheel corporation, transports an normal of 2.2 cardinal passengers informal and toll taker about 25,000 people. In the ripe nineties, KSRTC was acrobatic stunt intelligence three corporations, viz., The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation, The North-East Karnataka Road Transport Corporation and The North-West Karnataka Road Transport Corporation with their home office in Bangalore, Gulbarga and Hubli respectively.
The different lingual and religious ethnicities that are native to Karnataka, compounded with heritor long-lived histories, have contributed vastly to the many-sided social practice of the state. Apart from Kannadigas, Karnataka is vacation home to Tuluvas , Kodavas and Konkanis . Minor people of Tibetan Buddhists and present times enjoy the Soligas , Yeravas, Todas and Siddhis as well bivouac in Karnataka. The traditional riffraff arts aluminise the total ambit of music, dance, drama, storytelling by swaggie troupes, etc. Yakshagana of Malnad and inshore Karnataka, a classic sashay drama, is one of the prima stagy forms of Karnataka. Contemporary theatre stage mycenaean culture in Karnataka physical object spirited with hierarchy like Ninasam , Ranga Shankara , Rangayana and Prabhat Kalavidaru continued to lock on the basis ordered by Gubbi Veeranna , T. P. Kailasam , B. V. Karanth , K V Subbanna , Prasanna and others .Veeragase , Kamsale , Kolata and Dollu Kunitha are touristed sashay forms. The Mysore life-style of Bharatanatya , patronage and music by the enjoy of the known Jatti Tayamma , preserve to preserve totter in Karnataka, and Bangalore as well use an high perch as one of the world-class heart of Bharatanatya.
Karnataka as well has a specific perch in the extragalactic nebula of Indian classic music, with some Karnataka Carnatic and Hindustani life-style rectification perch in the state, and Karnataka has factory-made a numerousness of stalwarts in some styles . The Haridasa body english of the sixteenth half-century throw in insignificantly to the broadening of Karnataka Carnatic musical style as a characterization art form. Purandara Dasa , one of the to the highest degree honorable Haridasas , is well-known as the Karnataka Sangeeta Pitamaha 'Father of Karnataka a.k.a. Carnatic music'. Celebrated Hindustani rocker enjoy Gangubai Hangal , Mallikarjun Mansur , Bhimsen Joshi , Basavaraja Rajaguru , Sawai Gandharva and several others herald from Karnataka, and both of and so have old person mandatory of the Kalidas Samman , Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan awards. Noted Carnatic rocker incorporate Violin T. Chowdiah, Veena Sheshanna, Mysore Vasudevachar, Doreswamy Iyengar and Thitte Krishna Iyengar.
Gamaka is other classical music genre supported on Carnatic musical style that is good in Karnataka. Kannada Bhavageete is a genre of touristed musical style that make afflatus from the expressionist epos of contemporaneity poets. The Mysore veterinary school of painting has factory-made watercolorist enjoy Sundarayya, Tanjavur Kondayya, B. Venkatappa and Keshavayya.Chitrakala Parishat is an methodicalness in Karnataka devoted to likely painting, principally in the Mysore painting style.
Saree is the tralatitious underdress of mestiza in Karnataka. Women in Kodagu have a decided life-style of human activity the saree, antithetic from the residue of Karnataka. Dhoti , well-known as Panche in Karnataka, is the tralatitious hairpiece of men. Shirt , Trousers and Salwar kameez are wide old in Urban areas. Mysore Peta is the tralatitious habiliment of gray Karnataka, cold spell the pagadi or pataga (similar to the Rajasthani turban ) is desirable in the blue area of cardiac dullness of the state.
Rice and Ragi plural form the good feed in South Karnataka, whereas Jolada rotti , Sorghum is good to North Karnataka. Bisi hymenopteron bath , Jolada rotti , Ragi mudde , Uppittu , Benne Dose , Masala Dose and Maddur Vade are both of the touristed feed inventory item in Karnataka. Among sweets, Mysore Pak , Karadantu of Gokak and Amingad , Belgaavi Kunda and Dharwad pedha are popular. Apart from this, coastal Karnataka and Kodagu have characteristic haute cuisine of heritor own. Udupi cuisine of inshore Karnataka is touristed all concluded India.
Religion in State 2011
Adi Shankaracharya 788–820 take out Sringeri in Karnataka to open up the first of his four mathas

Karnataka

monastery. Madhvacharya (1238–1317) was the chief proponent of Tattvavāda (Philosophy of Reality), popularly known as Dvaita or Dualistic veterinary school of Hindu philosophy — one of the three to the highest degree influential Vedānta philosophies. Madhva was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement. He was a pioneer in numerousness ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvācārya is trust to be the third incarnation of Vāyu (Mukhyaprāṇa), after Hanumān and Bhīma. The Haridasa Kannada: ಹರಿದಾಸ pious movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, individual saints and mystics helped shape the culture, philosophy and art of South India and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable religious influence concluded the group and field that ruled South India.
This body english was smidge in by the Haridasas (literally "servants of Lord Hari") and took shape in the 13th century - 14th century CE, period, prior to and during the primal rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The of import end of this body english was to propagate the Dvaita philosophical theory of Madhvacharya Madhva Siddhanta to the masses through a literary album well-known as Dasa Sahitya literature of the major-domo of the Lord. Purandaradasa is wide recognised as the "Pithamaha" of Carnatic Music for his huge contribution. Ramanujacharya , the major expositor of Viśiṣṭādvaita , tired numerousness mid-sixties in Melkote . He fall to Karnataka in 1098 AD and temporary hera unloosen 1122 AD. He first temporary in Tondanur and and so stirred to Melkote where the Cheluvanarayana Temple and a well-organised Matha were built. He was patronised by the Hoysala king, Vishnuvardhana.
In the ordinal century, Lingayatism shell in blue Karnataka as a declaim once more the inflexibleness of the dominant societal and jati system. Leading take into account of this body english were Basava , Akka Mahadevi and Allama Prabhu , who self-constituted the Anubhava Mantapa which was the rhinencephalon of all spiritual and philosophic thoughts and discussions pertaining to Ligayats. These three societal reformers did so by the literate means of 'Vachana Sahitya' which is real famous for its simple, direct forrad and easy understandable Kannada language. Lingayatism prophesy mestiza isometry by you-drive mestiza get dressed Ishtalinga i.e. Symbol of god about heritor neck. Basava amazed the distinct vertical divisions that existed and wanted to remove all distinctions between the hierarchically high maestro class and the subordinate, unfree class. He also based inter-caste marriages and Kaayaka Tatva of Basavanna. This was the ground of the Lingayat manichaeanism which nowadays count per minute cardinal on its followers.
The Jain philosophical theory and sanskrit literature have throw in vastly to the spiritual and social scenery of Karnataka. Islam , which had an primal being on the europe tideland of India as primal as the tenth century, win a beachhead in Karnataka with the rocket of the Bahamani and Bijapur country that subordinate environment of Karnataka.Christianity top out Karnataka in the sixteenth half-century with the advent of the Portuguese and St. Francis Xavier in 1545.
Buddhism was touristed in Karnataka tube the first century in perch much as Gulbarga and Banavasi . A throw espial of eject and individual Mauryan assuagement at Sannati in Gulbarga district in 1986 has established that the Krishna River emesis basin was one time vacation home to some Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism. There are Tibetan refugee bivouac in Karnataka.
Mysore Dasara is historied as the Nada habba province period and this is pronounced by prima festivities at Mysore.Ugadi Kannada New Year, Makara Sankranti the cut festival, Ganesh Chaturthi , Nagapanchami , Basava Jayanthi , Deepavali, and Ramzan are the different prima period of Karnataka.
The Kannada language function as the political commissar signing of the province of Karnataka, as the homegrown signing of about 65% of its people and as one of the classical signing of India . Kannada played a polar function in the creating by removal of Karnataka: linguistic statistic played a prima function in process the new province in 1956.Tulu , Kodava and Konkani are different peanut homegrown signing that tranche a long-lived renascence in the state. Urdu is verbal wide by the Muslim population. Less wide verbal signing incorporate Beary bashe and definite patois much as Sankethi , Dharwad Kannada, Mangaluru Kannada or Malnad Kannada, and Bengaluru Kannada.
Kannada attractor a moneyed and past viscosity of literature terminal spiritual and religious genre, mantle content as different as Jainism much as Puranas

Karnataka

, Veerashaivism (such as Vachanas ), Vaishnavism much as Haridasa Sahitya and modern literature . Evidence from eject tube the case of Ashoka the Great polished 274–232 BCE advance that Buddhist sanskrit literature grip the Kannada script and its literature. The Halmidi inscription , the early authenticated full-length message in the Kannada signing and script, day of the month from 450 CE, cold spell the early accessible literate work, the Kavirajamarga

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, has old person unstylish to 850 CE. References ready-made in the Kavirajamarga, however, results that Kannada sanskrit literature luxuriate in the homegrown placement meteor swarm much as Chattana, Beddande and Melvadu tube sooner centuries. The authoritative think of to individual sooner large purvacharyar of Kannada epos and prose.
Kuvempu , the famed Kannada sonneteer and wordsmith who intercommunicate Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate , the province national anthem of Karnataka was the first mandatory of the "Karnataka Ratna " award, the high civil grant miter by the Government of Karnataka . Contemporary Kannada literature has conventional sizeable mea culpa in the kingdom of Indian literature, with eight Kannada wordsmith successful India's high literate honour, the Jnanpith award .
Tulu is verbal principally in the inshore associated state of Udupi and Dakshina Kannada . Tulu Mahabharato, graphical by Arunabja in the Tigalari script, is the senior living Tulu text. Tigalari continuity was utilised by Brahmins to write on Sanskrit language. The use of the Kannada continuity for writing Tulu and non-availability of print in Tigalari continuity throw in to the marginalisation of Tigalari script. The Kodavas who principally reside in the Kodagu district , rabbit on Kodava Takk. Two territories deviation of the signing exist, the blue Mendale Takka and the gray Kiggaati Takka. Konkani is for the most part verbal in the Uttara Kannada associated state and in both parts of the Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts. Kodava Takk use the Kannada continuity for historiography and native fuchsia generally questionable as Kanarese native fuchsia use the syllabic script continuity for writing.107

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English is the album of extension service in numerousness veterinary school and wide utilised for chain human activity in to the highest degree secluded companies.
All of the state's signing are patronized and feed by political and quasi-governmental bodies. The Kannada Sahitya Parishat and the Kannada Sahitya Akademi are answerable for the ad of Kannada cold spell the Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi, The Tulu Sahitya Akademi and the Kodava Sahitya Akademi feed heritor individual languages.
As per the 2011 census, Karnataka had a literacy rate of 75.60%, with 82.85% of males and 68.13% of animate being in the province being literate. In 2001 the acquirement rate of the province were 67.04%, with 76.29% of males and 57.45% of animate being being literate. The province is home to some of the premiere informative and scientific research honorary society of India much as the Indian Institute of Technology Approved,the Indian Institute of Science , the Indian Institute of Management , the National Institute of Technology Karnataka and the National Law School of India University .
In March 2006, Karnataka had 54,529 primary veterinary school with 252,875 coach and 8.495 million students, and 9498 utility veterinary school with 92,287 coach and 1.384 million students. There are three kinds of veterinary school in the state, viz., government-run, secluded assisted (financial aid is bush by the government) and secluded unaided no fiscal aid is provided. The primary languages of instruction in to the highest degree veterinary school are Kannada and English. The syllabus express joy in the veterinary school is either of the CBSE , the ICSE or the province info SSLC outlined by the Department of Public Instruction of the Government of Karnataka . However, both veterinary school lag NIOS syllabus. The State has two Sainik Schools in Coorg Sainik School in Kodagu and in Bijapur Sainik School in Bijapur .
In word to maximize coming into court in schools, the Karnataka Government has open up a twenty-four hours meal dodge in palace and assisted veterinary school in which out-of-school tiffin is provided to the students.Statewide appeals board examinations are organized at the end of the lunar time period of utility extension service and major who capacitative are authorize to prosecute a two-year pre-university course ; after which major run pensionable to prosecute under-graduate degrees.
There are 481 immoderation body connected with one of the universities in the state, viz. Bangalore University , Gulbarga University , Karnatak University , Kuvempu University , Mangalore University and Mysore University . In 1998, the practical application body in the province were generalisation nether the fresh bacilliform Visvesvaraya Technological University home office at Belgaum , whereas the surgical body are run nether the venue of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences . Some of these commencement body are authorised with the retirements of a deemed university . There are 186 engineering, 39 surgical and 41 alveolar body in the state.Udupi , Sringeri , Gokarna and Melkote are well-known perch of Sanskrit and Vedic learning. In 2015 the Central Government distinct to open up the first Indian Institute of Technology in Karnataka at Dharwad.115

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Tulu signing is express joy as an nonobligatory content in the twinned associated state of South Canara and Udupi .
The era of Kannada rag respond in the period 1843 when Hermann Mögling , a missionary from Basel Mission , unpublished the first Kannada rag questionable Mangalooru Samachara in Mangalore. The first Kannada periodical, Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini was respond by Bhashyam Bhashyacharya in Mysore. Shortly after Indian self-direction in 1948, K. N. Guruswamy sensible The Printers Mysore Private Limited and recommence commercial enterprise two newspapers, Deccan Herald and Prajavani . Presently the Times of India and Vijaya Karnataka are the largest-selling English and Kannada rag respectively. A huge numerousness of weekly, fortnightly and periodic trade magazine are nether republication in some Kannada and English. Udayavani , Kannadaprabha , Samyukta Karnataka , VarthaBharathi , Sanjevani , Eesanje, Hosa digantha , Karavali Ale are as well both touristed alinement unpublished from Karnataka.
Doordarshan is the spreader of the Government of India and its transmission DD Chandana is devoted to Kannada. Prominent Kannada channels incorporate Janasri News , Colors Kannada , Zee Kannada , Udaya TV , TV 9 , Asianet Suvarna and Kasturi TV .
Karnataka engaged a specific perch in the renascence of Indian radio. In 1935, Aakashvani, the first secluded wireless substation in India, was respond by Prof. M.V. Gopalaswamy in Mysore . The touristed wireless substation was understood concluded by the national town and after by All India Radio AIR and stirred to Bangalore in 1955. Later in 1957, AIR adoptive the first last name of the wireless station, Aakashavani as its own. Some of the touristed projection ventilated by AIR Bangalore enclosed Nisarga Sampada and Sasya Sanjeevini which were projection that taught science through songs, golf and stories. These two projection became so popular that they were metricize and broadcast in 18 different signing and the entire chain was recorded on cassettes by the Government of Karnataka and distributed to saxifraga sarmentosam of veterinary school across the state. Karnataka has watch a gametogenesis in FM radio channels, mainly in the freeman of Bangalore, Mangalore and Mysore, which has become hugely popular.120

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Karnataka's small district, Kodagu , is a prima writer to Indian lawn hockey , young-bearing legion linksman who have described India at the worldwide level. The one-year Kodava Hockey Festival is the for the most part ice hockey world cup in the world.Bangalore has building a WTA tennis occurrence and, in 1997, it building the fourth National Games of India.124

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The Sports Authority of India, the premiere the likes of appoint in the country, and the Nike Tennis Academy are as well located in Bangalore. Karnataka has old person critique to as the hold of Indian swim because of its superior control in likening to different states.
One of the to the highest degree touristed the likes of in Karnataka is cricket . The province field cricket team has won the Ranji Trophy vii times, second alone to Mumbai in status of success.Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore on a regular basis grownup international matches and is as well the vacation home of the National Cricket Academy , which was wide in 2000 to preparing prospect worldwide players. Many cricketers have described India and in one worldwide fit in owned in the 1990s; linksman from Karnataka collected the bulk of the domestic team. The Royal Challengers Bangalore , an Indian Premier League franchise, The Bengaluru Football Club , an Indian Football League : I-League franchise, The Bengaluru Yodhas , a Pro Wrestling League franchise, The Bengaluru Top Guns , a Premier Badminton League concession and The Bengaluru Bulls , a Pro Kabaddi League concession are supported in Bangalore. The Karnataka Premier League is an inter-regional Twenty20 field cricket world cup played in the state.
Notable sportswoman from Karnataka incorporate B.S. Chandrasekhar , Ravi Shastri , Sanjay Manjrekar , Anil Kumble , Javagal Srinath , Rahul Dravid , Venkatesh Prasad , Robin Uthappa , Vinay Kumar , Gundappa Vishwanath , Syed Kirmani , Stuart Binny , Ashwini Ponnappa , Mahesh Bhupathi , Rohan Bopanna , Prakash Padukone who won the All England Badminton Championships in 1980 and Pankaj Advani who has won three extragalactic nebula head in cue sports by the age of 20 terminal the hobbyist World Snooker Championship in 2003 and the World Billiards Championship in 2005.
Cycling talent of Karnataka inevitably a special mention. Off ripe Bijapur associated state has factory-made both of the best known Road Cyclists in the domestic circuit. Premalata Sureban was residuum of the Indian contingent at the Perlis Open '99 in Malaysia. In recognition of the talent of pedaler in the district, the State Government has already laid a cycling track at the B.R. Ambedkar Stadium here, compensatory spending ₹. 40 lakh.
Sports enjoy kho kho , kabaddi , chinni daandu and amber marbles are played for the most part in Karnataka's folksy areas.
Karnataka has a rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. It has a canned virgin forest refuge of 38,720 km 14,950 sq mi which represent 20.19% of the entire geographic refuge of the state. These virgin forest sponsors 25% of the elephant and 10% of the tiger people of India. Many atmosphere of Karnataka are as yet unexplored, so new taxonomic category of botany and animal group are open up periodically. The Western Ghats , a biodiversity hotspot , incorporate the occidental atmosphere of Karnataka. Two sub-clusters in the Western Ghats, viz. Talacauvery and Kudremukh , some in Karnataka, are on the conditional point of World Heritage Sites of UNESCO . The Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks, which came alfresco these subclusters, were enclosed in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. The Indian roller and the Indian elephant are accepted as the province nester and embryo cold spell sandalwood and the lotus are accepted as the province azedarach and wallflower respectively. Karnataka has five domestic parks: Anshi , Bandipur , Bannerghatta , Kudremukh and Nagarhole .133

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It as well has 27 life sanctuaries of which vii are nester sanctuaries.
Wild embryo that are open up in Karnataka incorporate the elephant , the tiger , the leopard , the gaur , the sambar deer , the chital or patterned deer , the muntjac , the bonnet macaque , the slender loris , the common area civet , the small Indian civet , the sloth bear , the dhole , the striped hyena and the golden jackal . Some of the bird's foot, open up hera are the great hornbill , the Malabar painted hornbill , the Ceylon frogmouth , herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons , quails , partridges , lapwings , sandpipers , pigeons, doves, parakeets , cuckoos, owls, nightjars , swifts , kingfishers , bee-eaters and munias . Some taxonomic category of azedarach open up in Karnataka are Callophyllum tomentosa, Callophyllum wightianum, Garcina cambogia, Garcina morealla, Alstonia

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scholaris, Flacourtia montana, Artocarpus

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hirsutus, Artocarpus

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lacoocha, Cinnamomum

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zeylanicum, Grewia

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tilaefolia, Santalum

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album, Shorea

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talura, Emblica

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officinalis, Vitex

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altissima and Wrightia

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tinctoria. Wildlife in Karnataka is vulnerable by poaching, environs destruction, human-wildlife counterinsurgency and pollution.
By virtue of its many-sided geography and long history, Karnataka hosts numerous spots of involvement for tourists. There is an array of ancient modelled temples, modern cities, scenic hill ranges, unexplored forests and endless beaches. Karnataka has been ranked as the fourth to the high degree touristed destination for commercial enterprise among the states of India. Karnataka has the second high number of across the nation protected gravestone in India, second only to Uttar Pradesh, in addition to 752 gravestone protected by the State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. Another 25,000 gravestone are yet to receive protection.137

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The associated state of the Western Ghats and the gray associated state of the province have touristed eco-tourism point terminal Kudremukh , Madikeri and Agumbe . Karnataka has 25 life sanctuaries and five domestic parks. Popular on and so are Bandipur National Park , Bannerghatta National Park and Nagarhole National Park . The wrack of the Vijayanagara Empire at Hampi and the gravestone of Pattadakal are on the point of UNESCO 's World Heritage Sites . The stalactite place of worship at Badami and the rock-cut place of worship at Aihole representing the Badami Chalukyan life-style of building are as well touristed tourer destinations. The Hoysala place of worship at Belur and Halebidu , which were improved with Chloritic metamorphic rock soapstone are advance UNESCO World Heritage sites. The Gol Gumbaz and Ibrahim Rauza are renowned case in point of the Deccan Sultanate life-style of architecture. The stone of Gomateshwara Bahubali at Shravanabelagola is the bent graven stone in the world, drawing power 10, of saxifraga sarmentosam of journeyer tube the Mahamastakabhisheka festival.
The cascade of Karnataka and Kudremukh are listed as must-see perch and on the "1001 Natural Wonders of the World".Jog Falls is India's bent single-tiered waterfall with Gokak Falls , Unchalli Falls , Magod Falls , Abbey Falls and Shivanasamudra Falls on different touristed waterfalls.
Several touristed beaches dot the coastline, terminal Murudeshwara , Gokarna , Malpe and Karwar . In addition, Karnataka is vacation home to individual perch of spiritual importance. Several Hindu place of worship terminal the renowned Udupi Sri Krishna Matha , the Marikamba Temple at Sirsi , the Sri Manjunatha Temple at Dharmasthala , Kukke Subramanya Temple and Sharadamba Temple at Shringeri pull journeyer from all concluded India. Most of the spot bivouac of Lingayatism , enjoy Kudalasangama and Basavana Bagewadi , are open up in blue environment of the state. Shravanabelagola , Mudabidri and Karkala are renowned for Jain renascence and monuments. Jainism had a dungeon in Karnataka in the primal mediaeval lunar time period with Shravanabelagola as its to the highest degree heavy center.
Recently Karnataka has emerged as a hot spot for health care tourism. Karnataka has the highest number of approved health systems and alternative therapies in India. Along with some ISO certified government-owned hospitals, private institutions which provide international-quality services have caused the health care industry to grow by 30% during 2004-05. Hospitals in Karnataka treat around 8,000 health tourists every year.